[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/macka-v-starovekom-egypte\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/macka-v-starovekom-egypte\/","headline":"Ma\u010dka v starovekom Egypte.","name":"Ma\u010dka v starovekom Egypte.","description":"V\u00a0pr\u00edpade ak m\u00e1te doma psa viete, \u017ee p\u00e1nom ste Vy, ak v\u0161ak m\u00e1te ma\u010dku, bav\u00ed V\u00e1s svojou samostatnos\u0165ou a\u00a0pre\u0161ibanou povahou. Ma\u010dku si nevybral \u010dlovek. Bolo to naopak. Ma\u010dka si u\u017e d\u00e1vno v\u00a0minulosti vybrala \u010dloveka za svojho spolo\u010dn\u00edka. V\u00a0Egypte, pribli\u017ene pred 4\u00a0500 rokmi, bola ma\u010dka domestikovan\u00e1. Africk\u00e1 ma\u010dka plav\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 je (spolu s\u00a0ma\u010dkou lesnou a\u00a0ma\u010dkou stepnou) […]","datePublished":"2020-09-01","dateModified":"2023-04-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a4970dd685f2b259fc1a5b9420420b9fa541cc58646305fbe02c59d28f86fdcb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a4970dd685f2b259fc1a5b9420420b9fa541cc58646305fbe02c59d28f86fdcb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"f3f.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a279482_w2021_t1599401606.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a279482_w2021_t1599401606.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/macka-v-starovekom-egypte\/","about":["Zvierat\u00e1"],"wordCount":1077,"articleBody":"\tV\u00a0pr\u00edpade ak m\u00e1te doma psa viete, \u017ee p\u00e1nom ste Vy, ak v\u0161ak m\u00e1te ma\u010dku, bav\u00ed V\u00e1s svojou samostatnos\u0165ou a\u00a0pre\u0161ibanou povahou. Ma\u010dku si nevybral \u010dlovek. Bolo to naopak. Ma\u010dka si u\u017e d\u00e1vno v\u00a0minulosti vybrala \u010dloveka za svojho spolo\u010dn\u00edka.\t\tV\u00a0Egypte, pribli\u017ene pred 4\u00a0500 rokmi, bola ma\u010dka domestikovan\u00e1. Africk\u00e1 ma\u010dka plav\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 je (spolu s\u00a0ma\u010dkou lesnou a\u00a0ma\u010dkou stepnou) predchodky\u0148ou dne\u0161nej dom\u00e1cej ma\u010dky sa v\u00a0d\u00e1vnej minulosti vyskytovala v\u00a0okol\u00ed Afriky a\u00a0Ar\u00e1bie. U\u0161\u013eachtilos\u0165 ma\u010dky plavej pod\u010diarkuj\u00fa jej ve\u013ek\u00e9 u\u0161i, \u0161t\u00edhla postava a\u00a0dlh\u00e9 nohy. O\u00a0jej egyptskom p\u00f4vode n\u00e1m aj dnes napovedaj\u00fa po\u010detn\u00e9 vyobrazenia a\u00a0so\u0161ky ma\u010diek n\u00e1jden\u00e9 v Egypte.\tTaktie\u017e tis\u00edce mumifikovan\u00fdch ma\u010dac\u00edch tiel, ktor\u00e9 boli objaven\u00e9 ju\u017ene od K\u00e1hiry v\u00a019. Storo\u010d\u00ed pri vykop\u00e1vkach. Egyp\u0165ania ma\u010dk\u00e1m postavili cel\u00e9 cintor\u00edny. Uctievali ich a\u00a0nevedeli si bez nich predstavi\u0165 \u017eivot. \u010co ich na tomto zvierati tak fascinovalo? Ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom si ma\u010dky z\u00edska ich srdcia?\tV\u00a0Egypte i\u0161lo ma\u010dke o\u00a0jedlo! Uskladnen\u00e9 obilie pri\u0165ahovalo hlodavce ako s\u00fa my\u0161i a\u00a0potkany, ktor\u00fdmi sa \u0161elma dodnes \u017eiv\u00ed.\tJej schopnos\u0165 ustr\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1soby potrav\u00edn pred \u0161kodcami sa Egyp\u0165anom ve\u013emi p\u00e1\u010dila. Ako v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa ju za\u010dali vn\u00edma\u0165 aj v\u010faka jej unik\u00e1tnej schopnosti a s\u00edce – dok\u00e1zala zabi\u0165 hada. Medzi in\u00fdmi dokonca jedovat\u00fa kobru. Tieto a mnoho in\u00fdch aspektov prispelo k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee starovek\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania za\u010dali ma\u010dky doslova milova\u0165. Br\u00e1vali ich so sebou na \u010dlny, aby s\u00a0nimi lovili vt\u00e1ky na brehoch \u017eivotodarn\u00e9ho N\u00edlu, chovali ich vo svojich pr\u00edbytkoch a\u00a0modlili sa k nim.\t\tMa\u010dky v Egypte dosiahli v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd status. Boli, na rozdiel od ostatn\u00fdch dom\u00e1cich zvierat, slobodn\u00e9 a\u00a0mohli sa vo\u013ene pohybova\u0165. Mohli pr\u00eds\u0165 a\u00a0od\u00eds\u0165 kedy chceli. Ma\u010dka v\u0161ak nemala meno. Na jej pomenovanie sa pou\u017e\u00edvalo v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie \u201emiu\u201c (Mau).\tEgyp\u0165ania ma\u010dku za\u010dali ve\u013emi skoro po jej skroten\u00ed uctieva\u0165 ako bo\u017estvo. Spoliehali sa na jej schopnos\u0165 ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u010dloveka pred zlom, a\u00a0preto ju chovali v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostiach. Verili napr\u00edklad, \u017ee pohlcuje \u017eiaru zapadaj\u00faceho slnka svojimi o\u010dami a\u00a0uchov\u00e1va ju a\u017e do r\u00e1na. Dovo\u013eovali jej jes\u0165 z\u00a0t\u00fdch ist\u00fdch tanierov, z\u00a0ktor\u00fdch jedli oni sami. D\u00e1vali jej chlieb, mlieko ryby. Ve\u0161ali jej na u\u0161i a do nosa zlat\u00e9 n\u00e1u\u0161nice a\u00a0mas\u00edvne n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edky na krk. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade, \u017ee mala rodina v\u00a0dome ma\u010dku, bola po\u017eehnan\u00e1, zdrav\u00e1 a\u00a0v\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti bol dopriaty dlh\u00fd \u017eivot.\tAk v\u00a0dome ma\u010dka umrela jej p\u00e1n si oholil obo\u010die, \u010d\u00edm vyjadril sm\u00fatok. N\u00e1sledne odniesol telo na zabalzamovanie a\u00a0potom ju pochoval. Do hrobu polo\u017eil nieko\u013eko ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch hra\u010diek, aby sa ma\u010di\u010dka mala s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm \u201ena druhej strane\u201c hra\u0165.\tNa sten\u00e1ch egyptsk\u00fdch hrobiek a\u00a0chr\u00e1mov je ma\u010dka zvy\u010dajne nama\u013eovan\u00e1 v\u00a0rytme be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Sed\u00ed za stoli\u010dkou, k\u0155mi sa rybou alebo lov\u00ed hus so svojim p\u00e1nom.\tPosv\u00e4tn\u00e9 v\u00a0starom Egypte boli v\u0161etky ma\u010dky, ale najviac uctievan\u00e9 boli tie \u010dierne. Tieto toti\u017e str\u00e1\u017eili chr\u00e1my a\u00a0sl\u00fa\u017eili k\u0148azom a\u00a0bohom. V\u00a0sv\u00e4tyniach sa o\u00a0ne starali mn\u00edsi. Verili, \u017ee ma\u010dka vyjadrovala Mesiac a\u00a0koc\u00far Slnko. Z\u00a0f\u00fazov ma\u010dky t\u00edto mn\u00edsi predpovedali aj bud\u00facnos\u0165.\tNajvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed boh R\u00e9 \u00a0sa pod\u013ea staro-egyptskej viery pr\u00edle\u017eitostne v\u00a0noci menil na \u010dierneho koc\u00fara. Boh R\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fa noc z\u00e1pasil s hadom Apopom, ktor\u00fd predstavoval chaos a\u00a0ni\u010dotu. Iba ak nad hadom vyhral, mohol nasta\u0165 v\u00a0Egypte nov\u00fd de\u0148.\tPopularita ma\u010diek v\u00a0Egypte \u010dasom vzr\u00e1stla. Egyp\u0165ania dokonca upravili z\u00e1kony, aby ich chr\u00e1nili. Zabitie ma\u010dky sa pova\u017eovalo za zlo\u010din a\u00a0bolo skoro v\u017edy trestan\u00e9 smr\u0165ou (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ukame\u0148ovan\u00edm). Ak niekto ma\u010dke ubl\u00ed\u017eil od\u0165ali mu prsty alebo aj cel\u00fa ruku. Z\u00e1kon zakazoval taktie\u017e v\u00fdvoz ma\u010diek do cudziny. Fenick\u00ed obchodn\u00edci napriek tomu v\u0161ak z\u00a0Egypta mnoho ma\u010diek prepa\u0161ovali a \u010faleko za jeho hranicami zakladali farmy na ich chov.\t\u00a0\tMa\u010dacia bohy\u0148aBastetje v\u00a0egyptskom pante\u00f3ne zobrazovan\u00e1 ako \u017eena s\u00a0hlavou ma\u010dky\u00a0 (niekedy ako ma\u010dka samotn\u00e1, ako ma\u010dka s\u00a0hlavou levice, alebo ako levica). V n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed zvy\u010dajne nesie ko\u0161\u00edk (\u010dasto s ma\u010diatkami). V\u00a0ruk\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee dr\u017ea\u0165, namiesto ko\u0161\u00edka, tzv. \u201eaegis\u201c. Ide o mal\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt, s\u00a0nama\u013eovanou levou hlavou. Spolu s\u00a0t\u00fdmto \u0161t\u00edtom dr\u017e\u00ed aj \u201esistrum\u201c, \u010do je druh hrk\u00e1lky.Bastetje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm bohy\u0148a plodnosti a\u00a0materstva, slnka, kr\u00e1sy a tanca. Je aj silnou ochranky\u0148ou fara\u00f3na, boha R\u00e9 a\u00a0Egypta.\u010casto bola ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 ako \u201ePani plame\u0148ov\u201c alebo \u201eR\u00e9ovo oko\u201c. Nesk\u00f4r sa stala ochranky\u0148ou ma\u010diek a\u00a0t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa o\u00a0ne staraj\u00fa a miluj\u00fa ich. Egyp\u0165ania jej pripisovali okrem podoby s\u00a0ma\u010dkou aj ma\u010dacie vlastnosti. Ma\u010dky sa k\u00a0svojim ml\u00e1\u010fatk\u00e1m chovaj\u00fa ve\u013emi ne\u017ene a\u00a0vzorne sa o\u00a0ne staraj\u00fa. Z\u00a0tohto d\u00f4vodu bola t\u00e1to bohy\u0148a pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za pr\u00edkladn\u00fa matku.Egyptsk\u00e9 \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 nevedeli otehotnie\u0165 nosili na krku amulet s\u00a0jej podobiz\u0148ou, na ktorej boli zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 aj ma\u010diatka. Ko\u013eko bolo na amulete ma\u010diatok, to\u013eko det\u00ed si \u017eena priala porodi\u0165 a\u00a0\u0161\u0165astne vychova\u0165.Ju\u017ene od K\u00e1hiry v\u00a0okol\u00ed dediny M\u00edt Rah\u00edna bolo mumifikovan\u00fdch a\u00a0pochovan\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 300\u00a0000 ma\u010diek, ktor\u00e9 boli v\u00a0minulom storo\u010d\u00ed objaven\u00e9 archeol\u00f3gmi\u00a0pri vykop\u00e1vkach. \u00a0\u00a0Egyp\u0165ania vedeli o\u00a0\u010darovnej moci ma\u010diek opanta\u0165 \u010dloveka svojou m\u00fadros\u0165ou a\u00a0charizmou a\u00a0pr\u00e1ve to si na nich tak v\u00e1\u017eili. Aj dnes m\u00e1me mnoho d\u00f4vodov na\u0161e ma\u010dky dom\u00e1ce rozmazn\u00e1va\u0165 a\u00a0obdivova\u0165. S\u00fa e\u0161te m\u00fadrej\u0161ie ako sa zd\u00e1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.7\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ma\u010dka v starovekom Egypte.","item":"https:\/\/www.f3f.sk\/macka-v-starovekom-egypte\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]